| Definition | Roofing systems covered with vegetation to provide insulation and ecological benefits. | Conventional roofing materials like asphalt shingles, metal, or tiles. |
| Environmental Impact | Reduces urban heat island effect, improves air quality, and provides habitat for wildlife. | Minimal impact on urban heat islands; does not contribute to local biodiversity. |
| Thermal Insulation | Excellent insulation properties, reducing heat absorption and improving energy efficiency. | Varies by material; generally less effective at insulating compared to green roofs. |
| Stormwater Management | Absorbs and filters rainwater, reducing runoff and mitigating flooding. | Minimal absorption; often requires additional stormwater management systems. |
| Energy Efficiency | Reduces cooling costs in summer and heating costs in winter due to better insulation. | May increase energy costs due to poor insulation and higher heat absorption. |
| Maintenance | Requires regular upkeep to ensure plant health and prevent root intrusion. | Typically low maintenance, but may need periodic repairs or replacement. |
| Cost | Higher initial installation cost, but potential savings on energy and water management. | Lower initial cost; may incur higher long-term energy costs. |
| Structural Load | Adds additional weight to the structure; requires reinforcement and careful engineering. | Generally lighter, but may require periodic inspections and repairs. |
| Biodiversity | Enhances urban biodiversity by providing green spaces and habitats. | Does not support biodiversity; usually consists of inert materials. |
| Aesthetic Value | Provides aesthetic appeal through greenery, which can enhance property value. | Aesthetic appeal varies; often considered less attractive compared to green roofs. |
| Lifecycle | Can extend the lifecycle of the roofing material by protecting it from UV rays and temperature fluctuations. | Shorter lifespan due to exposure to environmental elements and potential deterioration. |
| Heat Island Effect | Mitigates heat island effect by cooling the surrounding environment through evapotranspiration. | Contributes to heat island effect by absorbing and radiating heat. |
| Building Regulations | May be subject to specific regulations and standards for installation and maintenance. | Subject to standard building codes and regulations for roofing materials. |
| Carbon Footprint | Reduces carbon footprint through energy savings and improved air quality. | Typically has a higher carbon footprint due to energy consumption and material production. |
